WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION?

DISCOVER WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION, ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS IMPORTANCE

The electrical connection is that aerial or underground connection that connects in the electrical installations the part of the distribution network of the supplying company with the general protection box or boxes. This connection is necessary to provide an electrical supply to the installation of a building, home, industrial warehouse or commercial premises.

Low voltage connections end in the so-called general protection box, while medium voltage connections end in a transformation center, where it is defined as the beginning of the internal or user installation. In installations for a single user, the connection ends in a protection and metering cabinet that can house the general protection fuses and the energy meters of the installation.

On the other hand, it is also important to know that the electrical connections are owned by the electricity distribution company that operates in each zone or geographic area of ​​the country.

Connection projects must be earthed in any of these cases:

• When the system can be grounded so that the maximum electrical voltage to ground of the ungrounded conductors does not exceed 150 V.
• When in a star-connected three-phase four-conductor system the neutral is used as the circuit conductor.
• When in a three-phase, four-conductor system connected in a delta, the midpoint of the one-phase winding is used as the circuit conductor.
• When a grounded service conductor is not isolated.

ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

When a real estate developer intends to develop a project for the construction of a new housing development on a site, it is usual for them to be in charge of requesting the connection work and connection to the electricity grid.

The developer must prepare a load forecast as defined by the degree of electrification for each home. This estimate is necessary to size the capacity in terms of the power of the building.

According to the Low Voltage Electrotechnical Regulation REBT-2020, there are two types of installations according to the low voltage power forecast: basic or high electrification. A home with basic electrification considers a power to feed the electrical equipment connected to the installation of at least 5.75 kW. On the other hand, in other homes with higher energy needs are those of the high degree of electrification type, the minimum power forecast is 9.2 kW.

The load forecast is made taking into account the number of homes, the size of each one or the electrical equipment. The regulation indicates the use of a simultaneity coefficient that indicates that power will not be consumed by all users at the same time at all times.

By way of example, a high degree of electrification will occur in homes with electric heating or air conditioning (accumulators or heat pump) and even that have an electric vehicle charging point.

The maximum power that can be contracted for each home is limited depending on the general connection of the building, but in turn it is also limited by the maximum allowable power that is reflected in the Low Voltage Electrical Installation Certificate and is defined by the gauge of the general circuit breaker of the protection and control panel.

WHO PAYS FOR THE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION?

Any extension and connection work to electrical distribution networks can be classified as:

NATURAL INVESTMENT OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

It includes works to reinforce and expand the current distribution networks that respond to the growth in electricity demand.

These actions are found in the investment plans of the distribution companies, so it is they who make the investment to expand the network.

NEW INVESTMENT IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

This group includes the actions to register a new electricity supply point and even to satisfy the power extensions of supply points that already exist. These investments are considered a new extension of the planned network and therefore do not enter into the investment planning of the electricity distribution companies.

According to current regulations, if the supply point to be carried out is on urbanized land and the installed power does not exceed 100 kW in low voltage or 250 kW in high voltage, the petitioner will only have to assume the cost of the hookup and connection to the network and it will be the distributor who will have to make the investment to meet the new needs of demand.

In all other cases, when the aforementioned power limits are exceeded, the investment necessary to carry out the installation will be assumed by the petitioner, being exempt from the payment of extension fees.

Subsequently, the connections must be assigned to the distributor in the area.

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